Are zombie movies inherently liberal?

Hmm, a short article on genre movies–zombie films, in this instance–and their politics.  There are several points I could nitpick at (zombies generally aren’t just out for brains, that was more or less just in the Return of the Living Dead films),and his point that Night of the Living Dead is ahead of its time in casting a black guy as the lead is true.  However, the film is REALLY ahead of its time–even ahead of our time, arguably–in that this black hero also is responsible for getting everyone killed.  The real irony of the film is that if they had all listened to the cowardly racist, everything would have made it out alive.

Aside from small matters like that, though, I overall find the author’s conclusion flawed, and not particularly well argued.  His jape that your private health insurer isn’t going to help you with a zombie bite doesn’t make much sense, but government health care ain’t helping you there either.  He argues that ‘common cause’ is inherently liberal, but it’s really not, particularly on a local level as in a bunch of survivers banding together–generally with their guns–to protect themselves.

Nor is ‘multi-culturism’, as least as actually practiced in zombie films.  Conservatives largely think including black people (as an obvious example) just because they’re black is dumb.  However, zombie movies practive a completely color-blind, darwinism based on personal ability, which is the utter opposite of the brand of multi-culturism progressives promote today.  It’s focusing on the individual rather than some largely theoretical, not to mentionally intellectually and morally dubious, group membership.  A woman isn’t brought into the the group because the group thinks they need a woman’s perspective, but because this particular woman is a good shot. That’s conversative, at least if you’re going to paint as broadly as the author does.

Obviously some zombie films are forthrightly liberal, as with Romero’s later works.  However, it’s useful to note that the more obviously political Romero’s movies becomes–or more to the point, the more Romero imposes text rather than subtext on the audience–the generally less regarded they’ve become.

Admittedly, many zombie movies are suspiscious of the military (liberal), but in a larger sense are more suspicious of waiting around for the government to come to the rescue (conservative).  In the end, I’ll go with Stephen King, who described horror as “conservative as a Republican in a three piece suit.”

Anyway, have at it.  For what it’s worth, if anyone here wishes to advance the thesis that zombie ARE, in fact, inherently liberal, I expect they’ll do a better job than this guy.

  • Blackadder

    I really don’t think the people who make zombie movies care on way or the other. “Liberal” and “conservative” are such nebulous terms – and are so often used in ways that are completely at odds with their dictionary definitions – that you can make either term fit almost any situation. But why bother?

  • I have to admit, I feel more like what you’re talking about all the time, unless films are explicitly political. For instance, I’m increasingly askance of the idea that all ’50s sci-fi films are ‘about’ the Cold War or Fear of Communism. As Freud said, sometimes a giant bug is just a giant bug.

  • KeithB

    Seems to me that zombie movies (at least the “out-in-the-wide-world type not the “survival-compound” type) are inherently conservative or libertarian. After all, they feature (at least for the last half of the movie, anyway) they feature *survivors*.

    A really liberal movie (or at least the book) is “Day of the Triffids” where the sighted are made into virtual slaves of the blind. I don’t remember it clearly enough: Was this a serious take on what should happen or a “Harrison Bergeron” style parody?

  • Phil

    The real irony of the film is that if they had all listened to the cowardly racist, everything would have made it out alive.

    ?? The cowardly racist and his wife locked themselves in the basement and promptly got killed by their zombified daughter. Can’t imagine that outcome would have changed much had anyone else gone down there with them.

  • Ericb

    I hate it when people politicise things that aren’t inherently political. When I write I simply try to portray humans reacting to certain situations and while there is certainly a moral outlook in the background there isn’t necessarily a political one and I think this holds for most art. I think that sometimes pundits have a hard time realising that others may not be as obsessed by politics as they are.

  • “The cowardly racist and his wife locked themselves in the basement and promptly got killed by their zombified daughter.”

    Actually, they were both attacked in separate incidents, and only because they refused to defend themselves. If everyone had been in the basement, they would have killed the little girl without incident.

    The fact remains that Ben alone survives (until the kicker) the night of the living dead, and that’s because he does what Harry had advocated from the beginning: Hide in the basement with the door barred. Ben’s reasoning about being trapped without a back door sounded convincing, but was wrong. That’s what is really subversive about the film: Sometimes the dumb, unpleasant people are actually right, even if for the wrong reason. That’s far more subversive than making the hero black.

  • BeckoningChasm

    Romero recently said in an interview that when he starts to write, his first thought is not “What’s the story?” but instead, “What’s the film about?” i.e., what Big Theme is he going to wrap his chracters, situations and dialogue around.

    I find that there are several horror films (the Tom Savini remake of NOTLD, “Land of the Dead,” and “The Descent”) in which the idea of shared humanity is completely cast aside so that the “right” people get punished at the end.

  • Ericb

    Is the angry bald guy really racist? Sure, he’s a jerk but I must have missed the scene where he’s shown to be a racist.

  • Blackadder

    The bald guy never says anything explicitly racist that I can recall. Some people seem to make that assumption because he’s clashing with a black man (and probably because he’s a cowardly asshole). Personally, I think Bald Cowardly Asshole would have made the same arguments regardless of what color the hero was.

    But people see what they want to see.

  • I seem to remember a vibe that one of the reasons Harry disliked Ben is because the latter is black. I’d have to rewatch the film to confirm, but that was my impression. And really, they were working to make the character as noxious as possible, so I’d assume it was true in any case.

  • “I find that there are several horror films (the Tom Savini remake of NOTLD, “Land of the Dead,” and “The Descent”) in which the idea of shared humanity is completely cast aside so that the “right” people get punished at the end.”

    This happens at the end of Candyman, and in such a way that it completely screws over the basic message of the film in so infuriating a manner that I can only compare it to the stinger ending of A Nightmare on Elm Street.

  • The presence of the zombie explodes the inherent racism of the corrupt capitalist system. The zombie represents the power of the underclass in overthrowing the decadent aristocracy and exposes the lie behind western so-called democracies – all zombie films end with a command economy of sorts, as the strong leader must take command.

    Who is more proletarian than the Zombie, after all? And who is more triumphant? All other horror movie monsters have a tradition of being defeated in the end – not the zombie, except in reactionary pro-fascist diatribes such as “return of the Living Dead Part 2”.

    Therefore, we can see that proper Marxist analysis views the zombie movie as a socialist parable to be absorbed by the masses differently dependong on their political awareness.

  • roger h

    I see zombies as classic rent seekers.

  • R. Dittmar

    Zombie movies – another chance to get back on my hobby horse.
    I still maintain that zombie movies have become such a big horror staple because they are primarily religious as opposed to political. The primary human religious impulse is a hope that life is not meaningless and there’s some eternal dimension to human life. The zombie movie clearly says all we are is shambling soulless meat. Apparently the best we can hope for is to keep other pieces of meat at bay temporarily prior to our own transformation into rotting flesh. Any attempt to read the zombies as being metaphors for something is entirely misplaced. All they are is dramatic proof that human life is meaningless. Movies like Night of the Living Dead are arguably best seen as Lovecraftian rather than political.
    After all, the fundamental zombie movie situation (people under siege) has been done a thousand times with a wide range of antagonists. There are scores of movies featuring thugs or crazies or the mentally deranged assaulting a holed-up group of protagonists. None of these movies though hit the same subliminal chords that zombie movies do because they have no transcendent overtones. This is what George Romero has totally lost sight of with his ever less impressive movies. At some point he bought into the political hooey and tried to make the zombies metaphors for something when they never really were metaphors for anything.

  • Overt politics enter the zombie ouevre as early as Breakfast at the Manchester Morgue (1974). Of course that one has a Spanish director, who thus is presumably a commie. Or maybe a fascist. But it’s pretty clearly political.

  • All of you seem to be mising the point that a zombie will try to kill and eat you no matter what political faction you are. I don’t think anyone, liberal or conservative, communist or fascist, would be willingly lining up to become an undead flesh eater.
    And if everyone on earth became a zombie, what then? Eventually the elements would rot them away and there would be nothing left. No causes to fight for, no flags to wave, no votes to cast, no victory. Communism and capitalism won’t mean a thing to the rats and roaches scurrying about the desolate earth.

  • R. Dittmar

    And if everyone on earth became a zombie, what then? Eventually the elements would rot them away and there would be nothing left. No causes to fight for, no flags to wave, no votes to cast, no victory. Communism and capitalism won’t mean a thing to the rats and roaches scurrying about the desolate earth.

    Bingo my friend! Pure nihilism! A burned-out rotting soulless earth. Politics shouldn’t be part of any zombie movie because the whole point is that human endeavor – politics included – is meaningless.

  • Mr. Rational

    Sandy: I will assume, just for the moment, that your overly-broad brush is painting completely within the lines, and that the zombies really are supposed to represent the masses who finally achieve the Marxist dream of “overthrowing the decadent aristocracy,” etc.

    Based on observations of zombie behavior, I think this is a good description of their behavior:

    * Generally of moron-level intellect
    * Ravenously, single-mindedly consumptive
    * Heedless of personal safety or health
    * Prone to thoughtless violence against targets of opportunity

    So, if the zombie movie is (as you assert) such a pure artistic example of class warfare and societal overthrow, am I to take it that this is how Marxists regard humanity in general?

  • All joking aside, before zombies became Romero-ized flesh eaters, they basically did stand as ultimate exploited workers enslaved even beyond the grave by predatory capitalists. An obvious example would be White Zombie, although the trope has been used as least as recently as Hammer’s quite decent Plague of the Zombies.

  • Mr. Rational

    Ken: Granted, and of course Sandy’s critique does in fact hold a great deal of water with zombie films of that vintage. In all fairness, however (and I ain’t telling you anything you don’t know), the zombie movie has changed a lot since then, and the modern zombie has only a little more in common with its cinematic ancestors than the modern werewolf does with Lupus Pre-Siodmakus. So my tongue-in-cheek comment does have a bit of weight behind it, I think.

  • R. Dittmar, one could make the exact opposite religious argument though. If zombies are soulless pieces of meat, we must argue we are pieces of meat with souls, which would make the message much more positive, even if we are being eaten by those soulless pieces of meat.

    After all, if humans and zombies are identical, then how would we distinguish one from the other? On the other hand, if you posit a soul, then there is something to distinguish the two.

    Not saying this is an inherent message of zombie films, most film makers probably never thought of it, but if zombies are soulless, then that would argue humans have souls, and thus it is the opposite of the materialist nihilism you are suggesting.

    Of course, one could see it as you suggest, but one could also see the movies as suggesting flesh without soul is a mindless beast. And thus one could see either side of your argument in the zombie film. Thus, I am not sure I can agree with you that the message is what you claim.

  • Reed

    Sandy Peterson said, “The zombie represents the power of the underclass in overthrowing the decadent aristocracy and exposes the lie behind western so-called democracies…”

    Wouldn’t this more appropriately apply to European zombie outbreaks, whereas their American counterparts would be overthrowing decadent oligarchies?

    As usual with most politcal debates, I really don’t have too much to add. However, I increasingly find as I get older that I lament the move in horror films toward pseudo-scientific based monsters instead of overtly supernatural menaces. Zombies and vampires have both increasingly suffered from this. As the scientific monster becomes the default the supernatural is often used in lieu of logic. I do think that you can be both logical, or at least internally consistent, and involve supernatural elements. Is internal consistency too much to ask these days?

    To be fair, I can not point to concrete examples of this trend, it’s just the way I’m feeling at the moment. I do believe this is supported by the fact that this year I’ve watched more cable TV movies than I usually do.

  • Matthew F

    Movie makers like zombies because (a) they’re cheap, and (b) they don’t need motivations – hey they’re zombies. Audiences like them, I think, because the idea of your best friend or your mother or whomever suddenly becoming a monster and trying to kill you as you gradually become more and more alone, is creepy.

    I think Romero is pretty unusual in explicitly inserting ‘meaning’ into his films. It reminds me of all the criticism around Invasion of the Body Snatchers, which was (a) definitely convervative because it was a parallel for the mindlessness of conservatism, or (b) definitely liberal because it is a parody of reds under the bed hysteria.

  • Matt B

    Well, I started to reply to this article, and ended up with a 4 1/2 page response. Whoops. Let’s see if I can pare it down somewhat.

    Firstly, the original author fails to identify the common theme behind most zombie films, “Humanity is worse than the zombies.” And frankly, that theme overwhelms the others. Do you see a Benneton-like multiracial cast? In some films, yes. In others, no. Frankly, it’s a bit rarer than he assumes it is. Do they all work together to survive? Sometimes. But in practically every case, the “we all worker together” phase is short-lived and usually sabotaged by probelsms within the group, resulting in a near-total death of the cast. They’re cannon-fodder for the “real” survivors, not a symbol of hope. Even the not mentioned in the article “In death, we are all equal” meme doesn’t really work, as there are numerous zombie films where some zombies are smarter, faster or more powerful than the others.

    So, what are we left with? Mostly negative themes. ““The military (and police) are brutal, incompetent fools.” “The government is lying to us.” “Corporations are evil and will kill us all.”
    “Humanity tries to pretend that everything is okay, and clings to long outdated ideas, instead of embracing our new, enlightened ones, which will save us all.” And those are less zombie themes, and more generic movie themes.

  • Captd

    My guess is that the author has several assumptions in play: 1) Progressive politics are good, conservative politics are bad; 2) The author happens to like watching zombie movies; 3) “The personal is the political”, so the author has a duty to not watch zombie movies if they serve bad (ie, conservative) political causes. Possibly extending #3 far enough to assume that nothing is politically neutral.

    Add these up, and if the author wishes to continue to watch zombie movies, he must demonstrate that they serve progressive causes.

  • SuperVepr

    Yes. Yes they are.